In fiber optics, what does PMD stand for?

PMD stands for Polarization Mode Dispersion. In fiber optics, this phenomenon affects the overall performance of optical fibers, particularly in high-speed data transmission systems. PMD occurs due to the presence of multiple polarization modes within the fiber. Different light waves traveling along these modes can experience varying path lengths and speeds, leading to the spreading of optical pulses over time. This dispersion can ultimately result in signal degradation and limits the maximum achievable bandwidth over long distances.

Understanding PMD is crucial for designing and selecting appropriate fiber optic systems, especially as the demand for high data rates and long transmission distances continues to grow. While the other options may contain terms related to fiber optics or telecommunications, they do not accurately describe the specific phenomenon that PMD represents.